Last year, in an operating room at the University of Toronto, a 63-year-old woman with Alzheimer’s disease experienced something she hadn’t for 55 years: a memory of her 8-year-old self playing with her siblings on their family farm in Scotland.

The woman is a patient of Dr. Andres Lozano, a neurosurgeon who is among a growing number of researchers studying the potential of deep brain stimulation to treat Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. If the approach pans out, it could provide options for patients with fading cognition and retrieve vanished memories.

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